Welding

Arc welding

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As the name suggests, arc welding uses an electric arc to melt materials before joining them together. The electric arc is brought between the two materials using an electrode (mostly non-consumable electrode). This electric arc can create temperatures upwards of 3500°C, which is sufficiently high to melt high strength metals like carbon steel. This method also uses shielding gas in conjunction with arc welding. This is because the atmospheric air can interact with the weld pool and cause oxidation. There are different types of arc welding such as Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW), Submerged Arc Welding (SAW), Plasma Arc welding (PAW), etc.

Metal Inert Gas(MIG) Welding

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MIG or Metal Inert Gas Welding is another welding method that uses an electric arc to create welds. However, when compared with arc welding, MIG requires a consumable electrode to join metals. A consumable electrode is a metal that supplies electricity to the weld joint. However, the electrode itself undergoes melting when it is near the weld pool. In MIG welding, the melted electrode facilitates the joining of the two metals. Hence, MIG is ideal for joining dissimilar metals. Shielding gas is also supplied through the weld gun to ensure that the weld pool does not interact with the atmospheric air.

Tungsten Inert Gas(TIG) Welding

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Tungsten Inert Gas welding uses a tungsten electrode to create an arc between the metals. TIG welding is a non-consumable electrode welding method, therefore the tungsten doesn’t get consumed with the process. TIG welding also doesn’t use any form of flux or slag for shielding. Instead, an inert gas is used as a shielding agent in the entire process. Argon is the most commonly used inert gas in TIG welding. TIG welding can work on both AC and DC power sources. One of the greatest strengths of TIG welding is that it can be used for welding non-ferrous metals like aluminum, copper, magnesium, copper, nickel, titanium, etc.

Flux Cored Arc (FCAW) Welding

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There are two types of flux cored arc welding - Self-Shielded vs. Gas-Shielded Flux-Cored welding. Self-shielded flux core welding produces slag and gas from the flux that is positioned inside the electrode when they get hot enough. They do not require the use of an external shielding agent. Gas shielded flux cored welding uses an external gas shielding and flux is only tasked with producing slag. This form of welding gives much more freedom to the welders as they can control the shielding gas quantity and direction. Flux-cored arc welding uses a consumable electrode for the welding process. FCAW cannot be used on non-ferrous metals like Aluminium, copper, etc.

Gas Welding( Oxyacetylen)

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Gas welding uses the heat from a concentrated flame to melt metals and then join them. Gas welding is possible with or without filler metal. The flame is controlled using a welding torch. An oxygen gas canister and a fuel gas canister is connected to the welding torch. The welder can control the flame by controlling the number of gases fed to the torch using a pressure regulator. Most commonly, we see a gas combination of Oxygen and Acetylene which is capable of producing 3200°C. Other fuel gases that are also seen in gas welding are Hydrogen, Butane, & Propane.